This lesson focuses on the fundamental arithmetic operations in JavaScript, which are essential for performing calculations within your programs.

Arithmetic Operations

1. Addition (+): Adds two numbers or concatenates strings.

   let sum = 10 + 5;  
   console.log(sum);  // sum is 15

2. Subtraction (-): Subtracts one number from another.

   let difference = 10 - 5;  
   console.log(difference);  // difference is 5

3. Multiplication (*): Multiplies two numbers.

   let product = 10 * 5;  
   console.log(product);  // product is 50

4. Division (/): Divides one number by another.

   let quotient = 10 / 5;  
   console.log(quotient);  // quotient is 2

5. Modulus (%): Returns the remainder of a division between two numbers.

   let remainder = 10 % 3;  
   console.log(remainder);  // remainder is 1

Compound Assignment Operators

1. Addition Assignment (+=):

   let students = 10;
   students += 1;  // Same as students = students + 1; now students is 11

2. Subtraction Assignment (-=):

   let students = 10;
   students -= 1;  // Same as students = students - 1; now students is 10

3. Multiplication Assignment (*=):

   let students = 10;
   students *= 2;  // Same as students = students * 2; now students is 20
   

4. Exponentiation Assignment (**=):

   let students = 10;
   students **= 2; // Same as students = students ** 2; now students is 100

5. Modulus Assignment (%=):

   let students = 10;
   students %= 3;  // Same as students = students % 3; now students is 1

Increment and Decrement Operators

These operators increase or decrease a variable's value by one, which is very common in loops and conditional statements.

• Increment (++)

  students++;  // Increment students by 1

• Decrement (--)

  students--;  // Decrement students by 1

Operator Precedence

• Understanding operator precedence is crucial for predicting how expressions are evaluated. In JavaScript, operations are generally performed from left to right, with multiplication, division, and modulus operations being executed before addition and subtraction.

• Example:

  let result = 100 + 50 * 3;
  console.log(result);  // Expected output: 250, not 450